| 
                  | NP V NP |  
                     | example | "Brutus murdered Julius Caesar." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Patient |  
                     | semantics | path_rel(start(E), Initial_State, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        path_rel(result(E), Result, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        cause(Agent, E)
                        alive(start(E), Patient)
                        not(alive(result(E), Patient)) |  
                  | NP V NP PP.instrument |  
                     | example | "Caesar killed Brutus with a knife." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Patient  {with}  Instrument |  
                     | semantics | path_rel(start(E), Initial_State, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        path_rel(result(E), Result, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        cause(Agent, E)
                        alive(start(E), Patient)
                        not(alive(result(E), Patient))
                        utilize(during(E), Agent, Instrument) |  |