| 
                  | NP V NP PP.instrument |  
                     | example | "Paula hit the ball with a stick." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Patient  {with}  Instrument |  
                     | semantics | cause(Agent, E)
                        manner(during(E), directedmotion, Instrument)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Instrument)
                        contact(end(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        utilize(during(E), Agent, Instrument) |  
                  | NP V NP together |  
                     | example | "Paula hit the sticks together." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Patient <+plural>  (together) |  
                     | semantics | cause(Agent, E)
                        manner(during(E), directedmotion, Patient_i)
                        manner(during(E), directedmotion, Patient_j)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Patient_i, Patient_j)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Patient_i)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Patient_j)
                        contact(end(E), Patient_i, Patient_j) |  
                  | NP V NP ADJP |  
                     | example | "Paul kicked the door open." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Patient  Result |  
                     | semantics | cause(Agent, E)
                        manner(during(E), directedmotion, Agent)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Agent, Patient)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Agent)
                        contact(end(E), Agent, Patient)
                        path_rel(start(E), Initial_State, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        path_rel(result(E), Result, Patient, ch_of_state, prep) |  
                  | NP V NP ADJP PP.instrument |  
                     | example | "Paul hit the door open with his foot." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Patient  Result  {with}  Instrument |  
                     | semantics | cause(Agent, E)
                        manner(during(E), directedmotion, Instrument)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Instrument)
                        contact(end(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        path_rel(start(E), Initial_State, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        path_rel(result(E), Result, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        utilize(during(E), Agent, Instrument) |  
                  | NP V NP PP.result |  
                     | example | "Paul hit the window to pieces." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Patient  {to into}  Result  [+state] |  
                     | semantics | cause(Agent, E)
                        manner(during(E), directedmotion, Agent)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Agent, Patient)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Agent)
                        contact(end(E), Agent, Patient)
                        path_rel(start(E), Initial_State, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        path_rel(result(E), Result, Patient, ch_of_state, prep) |  
                  | NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument |  
                     | example | "Paul hit the window to pieces with a hammer." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Patient  {to into}  Result  [+state] {with}  Instrument |  
                     | semantics | cause(Agent, E)
                        manner(during(E), directedmotion, Instrument)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Instrument)
                        contact(end(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        path_rel(start(E), Initial_State, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        path_rel(result(E), Result, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        utilize(during(E), Agent, Instrument) |  
                  | NP V NP PP |  
                     | example | "Paula hit the stick against/on the fence." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Instrument  {against on}  Patient |  
                     | semantics | cause(Agent, E)
                        manner(during(E), directedmotion, Instrument)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Instrument)
                        contact(end(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        utilize(during(E), Agent, Instrument) |  
                  | NP V NP ADJP |  
                     | example | "The stick hit the door open." |  
                     | syntax | Instrument  V  Patient  Result |  
                     | semantics | manner(during(E), directedmotion, Instrument)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Instrument)
                        contact(end(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        path_rel(start(E), Initial_State, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        path_rel(result(E), Result, Patient, ch_of_state, prep) |  
                  | NP V NP ADJP PP.result |  
                     | example | "The hammer hit the window to pieces." |  
                     | syntax | Instrument  V  Patient  {to into}  Result  [+state] |  
                     | semantics | manner(during(E), directedmotion, Instrument)
                        ¬contact(during(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        manner(end(E), forceful, Instrument)
                        contact(end(E), Instrument, Patient)
                        path_rel(start(E), Initial_State, Patient, ch_of_state, prep)
                        path_rel(result(E), Result, Patient, ch_of_state, prep) |  |