| 
                  | NP V NP.recipient |  
                     | example | "Ellen alerted Helen." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Recipient |  
                     | semantics | path_rel(start(E), Source, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        path_rel(end(E), Recipient, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        transfer(during(E), Agent, Recipient, Topic)
                        equals(Source, Agent)
                        cause(Agent, E) |  
                        | force dynamics | s-placeholder s-placeholder s-placeholder  FD Representation |  
                  | NP V NP PP.topic |  
                     | example | "Ellen warned Helen against skating on thin ice." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Recipient  {against about concerning on regarding respecting}  Topic |  
                     | semantics | path_rel(start(E), Source, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        path_rel(end(E), Recipient, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        transfer(during(E), Agent, Recipient, Topic)
                        equals(Source, Agent)
                        cause(Agent, E) |  
                        | force dynamics | s-placeholder s-placeholder s-placeholder  FD Representation |  
                  | NP V NP.recipient that S |  
                     | example | "Ellen warned Helen that the party would be tonight." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Recipient  Topic <+that_comp> |  
                     | semantics | path_rel(start(E), Source, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        path_rel(end(E), Recipient, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        transfer(during(E), Agent, Recipient, Topic)
                        equals(Source, Agent)
                        cause(Agent, E) |  
                        | force dynamics | s-placeholder s-placeholder s-placeholder  FD Representation |  
                  | NP V NP how S_INF |  
                     | example | "Ellen warned Helen how to avoid the crowd." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Recipient  Topic <+wh_inf> |  
                     | semantics | path_rel(start(E), Source, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        path_rel(end(E), Recipient, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        transfer(during(E), Agent, Recipient, Topic)
                        equals(Source, Agent)
                        cause(Agent, E) |  
                        | force dynamics | s-placeholder s-placeholder s-placeholder  FD Representation |  
                  | NP V NP S-Quote |  
                     | example | "Ellen warned Helen, 'Avoid that hole in the sidewalk.'" |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Recipient  Topic <+quotation> |  
                     | semantics | path_rel(start(E), Source, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        path_rel(end(E), Recipient, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        transfer(during(E), Agent, Recipient, Topic)
                        equals(Source, Agent)
                        cause(Agent, E) |  
                        | force dynamics | FD Representation |  
                  | NP V NP PP.topic |  
                     | example | "My accountant warned me of the new loopholes in the tax code." |  
                     | syntax | Agent  V  Recipient  {of}  Topic |  
                     | semantics | path_rel(start(E), Source, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        path_rel(end(E), Recipient, Topic, tr_of_info, prep)
                        transfer(during(E), Agent, Recipient, Topic)
                        equals(Source, Agent)
                        cause(Agent, E) |  
                        | force dynamics | s-placeholder s-placeholder s-placeholder  FD Representation |  |