stem-v; 5 Senses

Sense Number 1: originate from, rise out of

Commentary: Syntax is: NP1 STEM PP[cause]

Examples:
Their animosity stems from hundreds of years of warfare between the two peoples.
Some of their current problems have stemmed from their rapid expansion into new markets.
This stew stems from simple one-pot meals made by French peasants.

Mappings:
VerbNet: appear-48.1.1
FrameNet: NP
PropBank: stem.01
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 1

Sense Number 2: physically orient, as inwards

Commentary: Syntax is: NP1[agent] STEM [patient][object]

Examples:
Stem your skies with the heels outward to stop yourself.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NP
PropBank: NM
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 2

Sense Number 3: hold back, prevent

Commentary: Syntax is: NP1[instrument] STEM [result]

Examples:
Pressing hard on the wound will stem the flow of blood.
Bob is learning to stem his anger before he speaks.
The cost-cutting measures have not been unable to stem the flow of red ink for several quarters.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NP
PropBank: stem.02
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 3

Sense Number 4: remove pieces from, as a fruit

Commentary: Syntax is:NP1[agent] STEM NP2[patient][inanimate]

Examples:
Mary stemmed the grapes before serving them in a bowl to guests.
My program stems the nouns and verbs to display the roots.
First you have to stem the fruit, then core and peel it.

Mappings:
VerbNet: pit-10.7
FrameNet: NP
PropBank: NM
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 4

Sense Number 5: make headway against, counter something

Commentary: Syntax is: NP1[topic] STEM NP2[obstacle]

Examples:
With good seamanship, Ted's boat was able to stem the outgoing tide.
He stemmed the currents of public opinion and followed his convictions.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NP
PropBank: NM
WordNet 0.0 Sense Numbers: 3