Commentary:
NOTE: There is NO AGENT and NO verb immediately following START Syntax is: NP1[patient] START PP/ADVP[attribute] Includes: verb particle START OUT
NOTE: implies an attribute of the subject NP, not an action undertaken.
Examples:
Prices for these homes start at $250,000.
The novel starts with a murder.
The forest starts just outside of town.
Classes this fall start a week later than last year.
When does the meeting start?
The competition started with only three participants.
Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: Process_start
PropBank: start.01
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 4, 6, 12
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
start_out 1
Commentary:
NOTE: Unlike CO1, all of these uses are temporal, and the object of start is usually an activity, which is often expressed by an infinitive or a participle.
Examples:
I started to laugh.
Once he starts smoking, he can't stop.
Taiwan plans to start making Tamiflu.
The ball started to roll toward the street.
The music is starting to upset me.
The labor pains started coming with increased intensity.
The child started violin lessons at age four.
She starts her new job on Monday.
He started the gathering with a prayer.
Mary started the soup while John made the salad.
Mappings:
VerbNet: begin-55.1-1
FrameNet: Activity_start
PropBank: start.01,start.04
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 1, 6, 9, 10, 13
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
start_up 2
Commentary: Syntax is: NP1[agent] START NP2[topic]
NOTE: The agent causes the entity to exist. Includes: START UP
Examples:
He started a new company last year.
The refinery started up a new facility last week.
Iraq started a war when they invaded Kuwait.
Why did you start that nasty rumor?
The Girl Scouts learned how to start a fire at their first campout.
Mappings:
VerbNet: begin-55.1-1
FrameNet: Setting_fire
PropBank: start.01
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 2, 5, 6
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
start_up 2
Commentary:
NOTE: Never used with another verb following (e.g., started debating, start to run) Syntax includes: NP1[agent] START NP2[patient] NP1[patient] START Includes: START UP
NOTE: implies the patient changes state.
Examples:
My car wouldn't start this morning.
I could not start the car.
She started up the computer.
The turbines started up.
Mappings:
VerbNet: begin-55.1-1
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 8
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
start_up 2
Commentary:
NOTE: The activity being started is understood (NOT 'start to drive', 'start our journey') Syntax includes: NP1[agent] START[intransitive] PP[destination] NP1[agent] START NP2[patient] PP[locative] Includes: START OUT
Examples:
They started for California yesterday.
We threw in an extra day of food and started out for our high camp.
The soldiers will start for the front at daybreak.
She is starting down the road to recovery.
Critics believe their opponents will start the country down the wrong path again.
Mappings:
VerbNet: begin-55.1-1
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 3
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
start_out 2
Commentary: Syntax is: NP1[agent] START (NP2[patient]) (PP[activity])
NOTE: this is a narrow sense confined to placement of sports players.
Examples:
The coach had trouble deciding which players to start.
Jones started in only two games last season.
Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 11
Commentary: NP1[agent] START[intransitive] ADVP
NOTE: implies the subject has a quick physical reaction to the environment.
Examples:
She started when I snuck up behind her.
She started in surprise at my jesting tone.
He started in surprise, eyes wide.
Mappings:
VerbNet: marvel-31.3-1
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 7, 14