turn-v; 13 Senses

Sense Number 1: (cause to) change orientation or direction

Commentary:
NOTE: The change in orientation or direction is usually around a center point or axis. Can be concrete or abstract. Includes: TURN AROUND, TURN AWAY, TURN BACK, TURN DOWN, TURN IN, TURN OFF, TURN ON, TURN OUT, TURN OVER, TURN TO, TURN UP

Examples:
He turned toward me with a surprised look.
She slowly turned the key in the lock.
Turn the page.
Turn in after you see the gate.
Turn off at the next exit.
The wheels are turning.
She turned the cake onto the plate.
My daughter loves to turn cartwheels.
February is too early to turn the soil for planting.
He turned his warm smile on me.
Turn the dial to AM850 and then turn down the volume.
When I need help, I always turn to my sister.
The issue turns on how the evidence is to be interpreted.
I need some time to turn it over in my mind.
After 1980, Wilson turned the pots while his sister and brother
glazed, loaded, and fired the kilns.
The claimant testified that she turned her ankle on a wet floor at work.

Mappings:
VerbNet: crane-40.3.2,hurt-40.8.3-1-1,roll-51.3.1
FrameNet: Moving_in_place,Change_direction,Cause_to_move_in_place
PropBank: turn.01,turn.14
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 8, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_back 1, 5
turn_away 1, 2, 4
turn_around 1
turn_over 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8
turn_off 2
turn_up 2
turn_in 1
turn_out 10
turn_to 1, 2
turn_down 4

Sense Number 2: (cause to) undergo a transformation of substance, shape, or feature

Commentary:
NOTE: No direction (e.g., to, away, out) is referred to. Sometimes the type of change is not mentioned when it is typical for the thing changing (see ex. 7 and 8)

Examples:
The water turned into ice.
We have turned this garden into a paradise!
Their house was turned into a battle ground.
The weather turned nasty.
The light gradually turned from green to blue.
She turned the frog into a prince with her kiss.
In Vermont, the leaves turn early.
I can tell the milk has turned by the smell.
When do you turn 40?

Mappings:
VerbNet: turn-26.6.1-1
FrameNet: Undergo_change,Cause_change
PropBank: turn.02
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 3, 7, 14, 16, 25, 26

Sense Number 3: (cause to) undergo a change in attitude, emotion, belief, or custom

Commentary: Includes: TURN BACK, TURN ON, TURN TO

Examples:
Public opinion turned after the scandal came out.
The elders want us to turn back to our old ways.
The crowd quickly turned against the speaker.
He turned back their anger with a word.
He turned Mary from a reactionary to an activist.
People turn to mysticism at the turn of the millenium.
After the cold war, many nations turned from communism to capitalism.
He turned traitor.
There was one night when even his fans turned on him.
They turned over the possibility of a strike.
When I need help, I always turn to my sister.
She turned from herself and learned to listen to others.
Turn the proposal over in your mind.
The student turned to the teacher for help.
He turned to the crowd outside and began to speak.

Mappings:
VerbNet: convert-26.6.2
FrameNet: Undergo_change,Becoming
PropBank: turn.01,turn.02
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 1, 2, 5, 20, 24
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_back 2, 3
turn_to 1, 2
turn_on 4
turn_over 9

Sense Number 4: send away or reject

Commentary: Includes: TURN AWAY, TURN BACK, TURN DOWN, TURN OUT

Examples:
The supermarket had to turn away many disappointed customers.
He turned back the demons with a spell.
She turned down the offer of work.
It's a rare man who can turn down her advances.
Marcie was turned out of her home at the age of 16.

Mappings:
VerbNet: banish-10.2,reject-77.2
FrameNet: Respond_to_proposal
PropBank: turn.04,turn.05,turn.08
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 11
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_back 3, 4
turn_out 7
turn_down 1, 2, 3
turn_away 3

Sense Number 5: change the activation (degree) or arousal of

Commentary: Includes: TURN OFF, TURN ON, TURN OUT, TURN DOWN

Examples:
She turned on the air conditioner.
He turned off the radio.
Would you turn out the lights?
He really knows how to turn on the charm.
I love her, but she no longer turns me on.
Her psychobabble turns him off.
Turn on, tune in, and drop out. --Timothy Leary
Would you turn down the volume?

Mappings:
VerbNet: other_cos-45.4,remedy-45.7
FrameNet: Change_operational_state
PropBank: turn.07,turn.08,turn.09,turn.13
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 22
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_out 11
turn_on 1, 3, 5, 6, 7
turn_down 5
turn_off 1, 3

Sense Number 6: prove, show to be, end up

Commentary: Is: TURN OUT

Examples:
Richard turned out to be the wrong man for the job.
The medicine turned out to save her life.
Turns out she was right.
How do you think the game will turn out?

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: turn.11
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_out 1, 2, 4

Sense Number 7: appear, show up; discover, find

Commentary: Is: TURN UP, TURN OUT

Examples:
She turned up looking stunning.
My search turned up nothing.
I turned up an old box in the garden.
How many people turned out for the party?
Thousands of Democrats turned out for the rally.

Mappings:
VerbNet: appear-48.1.1
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: turn.15,turn.17
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_up 1, 3, 4, 5
turn_out 5, 8, 9

Sense Number 8: produce, especially through commerce or business

Commentary: Includes: TURN A NICE PENNY/DIME/DOLLAR, TURN A PROFIT, TURN A LOSS, TURN OUT, TURN OVER

Examples:
The factory can turn out five cars a minute.
Celent turned a profit for the first time this year.
Should we close up shop if the company turns a loss again?
For the first half of the 20th century, the corporation turned a nice dollar.
I think we can turn over $2 million a year.

Mappings:
VerbNet: create-26.4
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: turn.10,turn.16
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 18
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_a_nice_dollar 1
turn_over 5
turn_a_loss 1
turn_a_nice_penny 1
turn_out 3, 6
turn_a_nice_dime 1
turn_a_profit 1

Sense Number 9: deliver, hand over

Commentary: Includes: TURN IN, TURN OVER

Examples:
Everyone turn in your papers by the end of the day.
The shop owner turned him in to the police.
He had been turned over to the Gestapo for "special treatment."
She turned in the performance of a lifetime!

Mappings:
VerbNet: contribute-13.2
FrameNet: Submitting_documents
PropBank: turn.06,turn.12
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_in 2, 3
turn_over 1

Sense Number 10: go to or get up from sleep

Commentary: Includes: TURN IN, TURN OUT

Examples:
I usually turn in at midnight.
She turns out every morning at the crack of dawn.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_in 4
turn_out 12

Sense Number 11: (cause to) improve

Commentary: Includes: TURN AROUND

Examples:
That tutor really turned around my son's performance in math!
We're taking on the tough issues and we're going to get the company turned around.
Sales turned around in the second quarter.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_around 2, 3

Sense Number 12: depend upon

Commentary: Is: TURN ON

Examples:
The outcome turns on the results of the election.
Your grade turns on your performance in class.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_on 2

Sense Number 13: idioms

Commentary: Includes: TURN A BLIND EYE, TURN A TRICK, TURN ON A DIME, TURN ONE'S STOMACH, TURN TAIL, TURN THE TABLE, TURN THE TIDE, TURN THUMB'S DOWN, TURN TURTLE, TURN UP THE HEAT, TURN UP THE PRESSURE

Examples:
How can you turn a blind eye to his misbehavior?
Much as she hated having sex with strangers, she turned tricks to make a living.
That car can turn on a dime!
His hypocracy turn's my stomach.
When actually confronted by the bully, he turned tail and ran.
She turned the tables on her rival with allegations of corruption.
The council turned thumb's down at the proposal.
A private passenger bus turned turtle, injuring 15.
Your performance had better improve, or I'll really turn up the heat.
Key European governments turned up the pressure on Iran over its nuclear plans.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: turn.03
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
turn_one's_stomach 1
turn_up_the_pressure 1
turn_on_a_dime 1
turn_the_tide 1
turn_thumbs_down 1
turn_turtle 1
turn_up_the_heat 1
turn_a_blind_eye 1
turn_the_tables 1
turn_a_trick 1
turn_tail 1