bear-v; 12 Senses

Sense Number 1: have as an attribute, characteristic, or possession; be relevant to.

Commentary: Syntax Is: NP1[theme] BEAR NP2[attribute] Includes: BEAR DOWN, BEAR ON, BEAR UPON

Examples:
It may need to be stitched together, and the place where it was stitched will bear a scar.
She prepared a history that bears the marks of the grand tradition of careful scholarship.
Only a few Smith families actually bore a coat of arms!
The lectures bore down on the political background.
Actually, none of this bears on me, so the terms are no problem.
Examples like that show that instrumental reasoning can bear upon
the selection of ends.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: bear.01
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 1, 9, 11
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
bear_upon 1
bear_down 5
bear_on 1, 2

Sense Number 2: be pregnant or give birth

Commentary: Syntax Is: NP1[agent[animate]] BEAR (NP2[patient[animate]]) NP2[patient[animate]]

Examples:
Titaness Themis bore him two sets of daughters known as the Fates and the Hours.
Neither woman bore him an heir, so Aegeus began to fear losing his power.
He publicized the case of a woman used by a married man to bear his kids, to highlight the plight of foreign brides.
The baby was born at 5am.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: Birth
PropBank: bear.02
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 2, 13

Sense Number 3: produce, bring forth

Commentary: Syntax Includes: NP1[theme] BEAR NP2 NP1[agent] BEAR NP2

Examples:
The apple tree bore delicious apples this year.
We studied hard and our efforts bore fruit.
Anna's efforts bore success and by 1911, Mother's Day observances were across our country.
The loan bears interest at three percent per year.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: bear.01
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 5, 8

Sense Number 4: carry, bring

Commentary:
NOTE: Includes metaphorical usage of "bear good/ill will" Includes: BEAR AWAY, BEAR OFF, BEAR ALONG
NOTE: The last sentence fits here because the focus is on being carried rather than moving in a direction. Syntax Is: NP1[agent] BEAR NP2[patient[concrete]] NP1[agent] BEAR NP2[theme[concrete]]

Examples:
They bore him to the surgeon.
Beware of Greeks bearing gifts.
If he wants to keep smoking, you bear him no ill will, but you need to let him go.
A group of muscular Californians wrested the axe from Stanford and bore it away to Berkeley.
So it remains that the soldiers must bear him off by force.
Americans have the right to bear arms!
We are grand old folks borne along on faith.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: Bringing
PropBank: NM
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 4
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
bear_off 1
bear_away 1

Sense Number 5: tolerate; accept or take on as a responsibility.

Commentary: Syntaxi Is: NP1[agent[animate]] BEAR NP2
NOTE: NP1 may or may not have the ability to choose to deal with a situation (NP2).

Examples:
We can bear criticism because that criticism makes us more responsive to the truth.
I'm so sensitive I can't bear for anyone to disagree with, or make fun of me.
I couldn't bear how he had no sense of trust for me.
The losses were borne by the entire nation.
She agreed to bear the responsibility.
The taxpayer will bear the brunt of problems.
They also bore the cost of stations, tracks, taxes, and other such messes.

Mappings:
VerbNet: admire-31.2
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: bear.01
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 3, 6

Sense Number 6: hold, contain within

Commentary: Syntax Is: NP1[theme[concrete]] BEAR NP2

Examples:
Given the tank bears 40 liters I can forget about filling it for two weeks.
She bears the knowledge of generations.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 7

Sense Number 7: carry yourself or behave in a certain manner

Commentary: includes BEAR ON, BEAR UP

Examples:
She bore up under the enormous strain.
I must bear on, despite this anguish wild.
He bore himself with dignity.
I don't know whether it was the way she bore her head or something in her deep eyes.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: bear.04
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 10, 12
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
bear_on 4
bear_up 1

Sense Number 8: put pressure or strain on

Commentary: includes BEAR DOWN, BEAR ON Pressure can include physical, emotional, spiritual, financial, etc.

Examples:
This tax bears down on the lower middle class.
Everything had gone black and smoke bore down on me like a weight from above.
I am afflicted by worse, and conscience bears on me.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
bear_down 1, 6
bear_on 3
bear_down_on 2

Sense Number 9: exert effort

Commentary: includes BEAR DOWN

Examples:
There will be times throughout both stages of labor when you will want to push or bear down.
Our students will have to bear down if they want to pass their exams.
The pitcher bore down.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
bear_down 2, 3, 4

Sense Number 10: move in a particular direction

Commentary: includes BEAR DOWN (charge, move towards)

Examples:
Then the path bears a little to the right.
Bear east on Route 66 and continue heading east all the way to the ocean.
At the next traffic light bear left.
A second huge bike bore down on him.
Bogart gave him Santana's helm as a ship bore down on that yacht.
The car gathered speed and bore down on him.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: Change_direction,Path_shape
PropBank: bear.03
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
bear_down_upon 1
bear_down_on 1

Sense Number 11: be worthy of, merit an action

Commentary: Syntax Is: NP1[topic[abstract]] BEAR NP2[predicate]
NOTE: NP2 does not take the articles a/the.

Examples:
This issue bears further investigation.
Her advice bears repeating.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM

Sense Number 12: VPCs not listed in the above sentences

Commentary: Includes: BEAR IN MIND, BEAR WITNESS
NOTE: Tag the VPC ' BRING (SOMETHING) TO BEAR' as X as it is not a VPC of 'bear' but of 'bring'.

Examples:
Why is it called Sutra which all Buddhas protect and bear in mind?
It is important to bear in mind that names generally tend to follow trends.
The LQ was also the place that bore witness to many people's first performances.
John bore witness about him, and cried out.

Mappings:
VerbNet: NM
FrameNet: NM
PropBank: NM
WordNet Verb Particle Constructions, Multiword Expressions:
bear_witness 1, 2
bear_in_mind 1